There are nine digital elements and they consist of:

 

1. Digital Access

2. Digital Commerce

3. Digital Communication

4. Digital literacy

5. Digital Etiquette

6. Digital Law

7. Digital Rights and Responsibilities

8. Digital Health and Wellness

9. Digital Security

    

• Digital Access, Communication and Literacy deals with learning and working

• Digital Etiquette, Safety &Security, and Rights & Responsibilities deals with behaviour and environment

• Digital Law, Commerce, and Health & Wellness deals with external issues and concerns

   

  Digital Elements:

   

1. Digital Access

According to Ribble (2015) Digital Access is “the full electronic participation in Society.” Digital citizenship is a beginning towards equal digital rights and electronic access. Not many have access to technology and therefore require help from other resources. Everyone should commit to ensure that no one is denied of digital access.

 

1. Digital Commerce

    

   Digital Commerce is the buying and selling of goods electronically.

    

2. Digital Communication

    

                   Digital Communication is the exchange of information electronically.

 

1. Digital literacy

    

   Digital Literacy is the method of teaching and learning about technology and the use of it.

    

 

1. Digital Etiquette

    

   Digital Etiquette is the electronic standards of conduct.

    

    

2. Digital Law

    

   Digital Law is the electronic responsibility for actions and deeds.

    

3. Digital Rights and Responsibilities

    

   Digital Rights and Responsibilities is the freedom available to everyone is the digital world.

    

    

4. Digital Health and Wellness

    

   Digital Health and Wellness is the physical and psychological well-being in a digital world.

    

5. Digital Security

    

   Digital Security is the electronic procedures to ensure safety.

 

 

             Digital Divide:

               

             There are many issues of digital divide and will be discussed below.

 

•  Socio-economic Divide

  This divide deals with the socio-economic factors, Geo-demographic factors; developing countries vs. developed countries. Access to the internet varies from nation to nation.

   

• Divide in infrastructure

  There is a more modern infrastructure in developed countries compared to developing countries and this impacts the broad range of access. South Africa’s poor electricity infrastructure is a good example.

   

• Divide in Content

  Almost 70% of websites are in English. Changes have been made but English still rules the web

   

• Gender Divide

  In developing countries women online are 23% - 40% less than males. This deprives them from the use and access to the internet which can provide economic, career and educational opportunities.

   

• Skill Divide

  Skills aren’t increasing at the same level of access. These skills are all about digital literacy’s. With access and no skill not much can be done. Socio-economic factors affect theses skills.

   

• The Universal Access Divide

  Physical Disability or the physical disadvantaged are often excluded when it comes to access as well as skill.

 

    Productivity Paradox:

 

Many companies were investing in ICT’s due to economic growth rates that slowed in industrial countries and this was not reflected in expected productivity gains. ICT’s were yielded the results when technology and internet capabilities improved. Results come from levels of skills of staff as well, utilising the technology at its peak potential. As technology becomes more available, the nest step is new technology from innovative sector to the economy as a whole. After this there is a shift to organisational and social innovation. Technology available and skills needed are lacking. Once these to meet then only can data be collected. This is affects the digital divide issues.